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Whether girls can play hockey: breaking down stereotypes

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The stereotype that hockey is an exclusively male sport has long lost its relevance. Can girls play hockey? Not just can, but should! And it is high time to stop asking this question. Women’s teams are actively developing, and their popularity is only growing. Today there are professional teams, international tournaments are held, and the strongest hockey players sign contracts at the level of men’s leagues. The road to recognition has been a long one. In the early twentieth century, women had to literally break the ice to enter the arena. Now the game is more accessible, but prejudice still occurs.

How women’s hockey has changed, we will analyse in detail in the article. The history of women’s hockey proves that it took a lot of effort to be recognised.

A path through the icy walls of prejudice

Women’s hockey has come a long way, overcoming inhibitions, mistrust and stereotypes. The story begins back in the early 20th century, when the first teams were formed in Canada. In 1916, the first recorded women’s hockey match took place, and a few years later tournaments began to appear. For a long time, girls’ attempts to make a name for themselves were not taken seriously.

In Europe and North America, women hockey players faced resistance: they were not allowed to join sports clubs and competitions were held without official status. It was not until 1990 that the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) held the first official world championship for women’s ice hockey. This was an important milestone in the development of the sport. At the 1998 Olympics, women’s ice hockey was officially recognised, and the national teams began to actively prepare for the games.

In Russia, women’s hockey remained in the shadow of men’s hockey for a long time. Only in 1995 did the first official national team appear, and since 2015 there has been the Women’s Hockey League, which unites the country’s leading clubs. Despite the difficulties, Russian hockey players have achieved serious success, and the popularity of this sport continues to grow.

Differences between women’s and men’s ice hockey

Whether girls can play hockey: breaking down stereotypesThe rules in women’s and men’s hockey are the same, but there are differences. The difference is related not only to the physical characteristics of the players, but also to the regulations of the competition. One of the key points is the prohibition of forceful wrestling. In men’s games, forceful techniques are part of the tactics, while in women’s sports they are forbidden, which makes the competitions more technical and speedy.

Equipment also has its own peculiarities. Women are required to wear full face protection, unlike men, where visors or masks are the player’s choice.

There is a perception that women’s hockey is less entertaining. This myth is disproved by international competitions where matches are played at the highest level. For example, the 2022 World Cup final attracted a record number of spectators.

Women’s Ice Hockey World Championship and the Olympics

Women’s hockey has long been internationally recognised. The World Championship has been held since 1990, and the women’s competition at the Olympics became part of the programme in 1998. Canada and the USA remain the leaders, with their teams winning gold medals at almost every tournament.

Competition has intensified in recent years. The Finnish, Swedish and Russian teams demonstrate a high level of play. The Russian Federation pays special attention to the training of new female athletes.

Global tournaments and the Olympic Games confirm that women’s ice hockey is a high-level sport with established traditions and competition.

Hockey players who changed the game

Women’s hockey has given the world many outstanding athletes. Their achievements have become an example of skill and inspiration for new generations. Famous female ice hockey players have made a great contribution to the development of sport. They proved that not only men can shine on the ice. Their victories, records and personal stories motivate young female athletes to take to the ice and hone their skills.

Top 5 famous female hockey players

If you are still wondering if girls can play hockey, take a look at the records of outstanding female hockey players. They have achieved success on the ice and proved that this sport can inspire and win the hearts of millions. Here are the names of those who have made history:

  1. Hayley Wickenheiser (Canada). A legendary figure in the history of women’s hockey. She won four Olympic gold medals during her career. She was the first woman to play professional men’s ice hockey at the international level. After her playing career, she continued to work in the state team system, helping to train young female athletes.
  2. Cammi Granato (USA). The first woman inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. In 1998, she led Team USA to the first gold medal in women’s hockey history at the Olympics.
  3. Olga Sosina, captain of the national team, multiple Russian champion. The most prolific forward in the history of national women’s hockey in Russia. Thanks to her leadership and athletic achievements, the Russian women’s national team is among the strongest in international tournaments.
  4. Florence Schelling (Switzerland) is the first female general manager of a professional ice hockey team.
  5. Marie-Philip Poulin (Canada) – one of the best forwards in the history of women’s ice hockey, three-time Olympic champion.

Each athlete has made an invaluable contribution to the development and popularisation of women’s hockey. Their achievements on and off the ice have helped to bring attention to the sport. And made it part of the global sporting culture.

Conclusion

Hockey players who changed the gameIs it okay for girls to play hockey? Absolutely. Today there are many women’s hockey teams and leagues where every girl can find her place. The main thing is desire and perseverance, and then any dream will become a reality.

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Modern ice hockey is no longer limited to arenas and trophies. Contracts, advertising deals and bonuses have turned athletes into a kind of capital investment. The world’s most expensive ice hockey players in 2025 have become financial heavyweights who are setting trends not only in the NHL. Clubs build their budgets around leading players, sign contracts worth tens of millions, and compete for names rather than just points. The new season has shown that betting on stars pays off faster than any systemic restructuring.

The market system: How NHL ice hockey players’ salaries are determined

Salaries no longer reflect just the game. The calculation system includes marketing potential, media presence, popularity in Asia and participation in the club’s results.

The highest-paid ice hockey players have stable statistics in terms of goals and assists, but the decisive factor is contract options. Bonus payments for results, leadership qualities in the dressing room, efficiency in the playoffs – everything is taken into account. Advertising contracts with equipment manufacturers and sports brands increase total income by one and a half to two times.

A player who scores 100 points per season automatically receives an increased coefficient. The presence of trophies, such as the Stanley Cup or the scoring title, forms the basis for a review of the terms.

Ranking of the most expensive ice hockey players in the world in 2025

The market system: How NHL ice hockey players' salaries are determinedThe contracts of leading players have long since surpassed the limits of the last decade. In 2025, the world’s most expensive ice hockey players will not only demonstrate their performance capabilities, but also their influence – on the team, marketing, playing style and the league’s economy. A list of players who set standards on and off the ice:

  1. Connor McDavid (Edmonton Oilers) – $15.5 million. The club captain has won the Stanley Cup three times, is a leader in speed and has scored 115 points in the regular season. He sets the pace for the entire team and boosts the performance of his teammates. He became a global ambassador for the CCM equipment line and appeared in a large-scale advertising campaign reaching millions of people.
  2. Auston Matthews (Toronto Maple Leafs) – $14.7 million. Winner of the award for best goal scorer, he has a streak of 18 consecutive games with points. He has the best shooting percentage at 23.9%. Used in power play and penalty kill situations. Leads the rankings of the highest-paid ice hockey players in the USA.
  3. Mikko Rantanen (Colorado Avalanche) – $13.8 million. The Finnish winger has signed a 7-year contract and is the top scorer in power play situations with 19 goals. He has an unusual shooting technique from an unfavourable position and sets the pace in power play situations. He is regularly used in the decisive minutes of the game. One of the main contenders for the MVP title of the season.
  4. Victor Hedman (Tampa Bay Lightning) – $13.4 million. The experienced defenceman and club captain directs the breakout from the zone and sets up the first wave of attacks. He leads the defencemen in assists with 58 per season. Despite his position, he made it into the top 5 assist leaders in the entire league. He is the face of the franchise and a mentor to young players.
  5. Kirill Kaprizov (Minnesota Wild) – $12.9 million. He was drafted as the number one pick at the time and became a central figure in the club’s rebuild. He lost the scoring lead by one point but scored 11 game-winning goals. He increased the club’s media presence in the domestic market and signed contracts with two national brands.
  6. Karel Vaněček (New Jersey Devils) – $12.5 million. Goaltender for the Czech national team, saves 93.2% of shots, recorded 9 shutouts during the season. Winner of the trophy for best goaltender, recognised by coaches in 28 teams. One of the five most reliable goalkeepers in the final minutes of the game. Provides stability in defence and confidence to the defenders.
  7. Charlie McAvoy (Boston Bruins) – $11.8 million. Right-handed defender with high passing accuracy – 92.7%. Actively participates in attacks and plays an important role in power play situations. Combines physical play with the ability to escape from pressure situations. Received an extended contract as the foundation of the new defensive core.
  8. Matthew Bold (Calgary Flames) – $11.2 million. The young Canadian set a record for goals while shorthanded – 8 – and scored 3 game-winning goals in playoff overtime. He was named Most Valuable Player four times per season. He is a contender for the All-Star Game. He represents the new generation of powerful North American ice hockey.
  9. Leon Draisaitl (Edmonton Oilers) – $10.9 million. The experienced German is among the top five players in terms of shooting accuracy, with more than 270 shots per season. He has maintained a level of over 90 points for five consecutive seasons. He has become a mentor to the club’s young players. He is one of the few who performs consistently without losing efficiency in the regular season and playoffs.
  10. Risto Lahtinen (Dallas Stars) – $10.5 million. The right-handed defenceman dominates in numerical superiority, realises 34% of offensive crosses and has more than 40 assists per season. The contract includes a performance bonus of +25% if he finishes in the top 3 defencemen. One of the most versatile defencemen in the modern NHL.

The most expensive ice hockey players in the world are determined not only by their statistics, but also by their influence on the club, the result and the economy. Each of the players featured sets the pace, determines the style and strengthens the team’s position. Their contracts are no coincidence, but the precise result of investments in the game, reputation and efficiency.

Contract mechanics: structure and flexibility of agreements

Modern contracts are becoming less rigid. The world’s most expensive ice hockey players sign flexible agreements with the option of extension, buyback, freeze or restructuring, depending on the form. The base salary accounts for only 60–70% of income. The rest comes from bonuses: for reaching the playoffs, for participating in the All-Star Game, for finishing the regular season in the top 10 in points or assists. Added to this are advertising contracts – Nike, CCM, Bauer, Gillette.

Clubs that pay the maximum: the geography of money

The frontrunners in terms of contracts are unevenly distributed. The Eastern Conference is actively interested in retaining stars, while Western clubs focus on the draft:

  1. Financially strong giants. Financial giants such as the clubs from New York, Toronto and Las Vegas spend more than 90 million annually on the five best players.
  2. The draft as a source of savings. Clubs with smaller budgets rely on talented young players. A successful draft reduces costs and opens up the possibility of re-signing stars at the beginning of their careers at a reduced price.

Efficiency and statistics: what are you paying for?

The numbers say it all. The most expensive ice hockey players in the world hold top rankings in all areas:

  1. goals, assists, points. Forwards with a productivity of 1.3 points per game are given priority. Defenders who score 40 to 50 assists are considered key players in power play situations. Goalkeepers with a save percentage of over 92% are automatically included in the rankings.
  2. Role in the team. Captains, leaders in the locker room and members of the most important five-man groups receive a bonus for their consistency.

Positions and their value: Who is worth more?

Forwards traditionally top the list, but in 2025 the situation has evened out. Clubs have started paying defenders and goalkeepers the same salary as forwards.

Forwards. The first line with a high scoring rate scores the most goals. Players in this position receive the highest contracts and participate in the most promotional activities.
Defenders. Defensive leaders receive special value for their versatility – majority output, passing accuracy, blocks. A defender who plays an average of 28+ minutes per game receives a contract comparable to that of a top striker.
Goaltender. A key figure in reaching the finals. The goaltender position is no longer considered ‘second string’ – clubs include it in their list of priorities when allocating their budget.

The most expensive ice hockey players in the world in 2025: a market with high speeds and stakes

Contract mechanics: structure and flexibility of agreementsThe world’s most expensive ice hockey players in 2025 will not only influence the scoreboard, but also the NHL’s economy. Every contract, every trophy, every advertisement is part of a complex formula. Clubs don’t just pay for goals; they invest in influence, media presence and leadership qualities. Statistics and emotions, efficiency and charisma – all of this becomes part of a financial architecture in which the ice hockey player is a top-class product.

Ball hockey is a dynamic and exciting winter sport that combines elements of ice hockey and football. The game is played on the ice by two teams of 11 players, whose aim is to score as many goals as possible into the opponent’s goal. In this article, we will look at the rules of ball hockey in detail.

The basic rules of ball hockey

The format, also known as ‘bendi’, originated more than a century ago in Scandinavia and Russia. The current set of rules developed as early as the 19th century, when the game on frozen rivers and lakes became increasingly popular. Initially, the rules of ball hockey were very different – there were no clear field boundaries and the number of players could vary depending on the mood of the participants and the size of the lake. At the beginning of the 20th century, it was decided to standardise the rules in order to make the game more organised and entertaining.

One of the most important changes in the history of ball hockey was the introduction of a limit of 11 players per team and the establishment of clear rules for the order of throw-ins and penalties. Today, the rules dictate specific pitch sizes, the use of sticks and the application of penalties and free kicks, creating a balance between speed and strategy.

Pitch sizes and equipment – where and with what to play

Ball hockey requires a specially equipped ice rink, which according to the rules is 90-110 metres long and 45-65 metres wide. This huge surface allows athletes to develop very high speed and outwit their opponents with strategic manoeuvres. The hockey pitch is divided into several zones: The centre line divides the pitch into two halves, while the goal is a semi-circular area with a radius of 17 metres, where the most exciting moments take place.

The equipment is another important component. The hockey stick in Bendi is different from the usual hockey stick. It has a curved end, which helps to control the ball better. The stick is made of light but strong wood, which makes it easy to manoeuvre. The ball itself weighs around 60 grams and is made of luminous plastic so that it is easy to see on the ice.

Referees and penalties – how to referee a game correctly

The basic rules of ball hockeyWhen it comes to refereeing, every detail counts, as the game is played at breakneck speed and any mistake can cost a team victory.

Refereeing rules for ball hockey

The work of the referee requires the utmost attention and a high reaction speed. The rules in ball hockey include several important points such as enforcing the rules in the goal area, monitoring fouls and awarding penalties and free kicks. The game is officiated by three referees, the head referee and two assistant referees, who each have their own duties and areas of control on the pitch:

  • Offside control;
  • Awarding of free kicks;
  • Time control;
  • counting fouls;
  • Maintaining order in the goal area;
  • Deciding controversial situations.

The head referee monitors the overall dynamics of the game, while the side referees help to control offside positions and offences on the flanks. This division of duties keeps the pace of hockey high while ensuring fairness and compliance with the rules.

Penalty kicks and free kicks: Rules and technique

Penalty kicks in ball hockey are awarded in situations where a team has infringed the rules in its defence zone. The player taking the penalty kick is 12 metres from the goal and only the goalkeeper can attempt to stop the ball. The execution technique requires clarity and strength – the ball must be steered as close as possible to the corner of the goal so that the goalkeeper has no time to react.

Free kicks in ball hockey are taken when the offence has been committed in another part of the pitch. The players of the team awarded the free kick are close to the ball, while the defenders must be no closer than 5 metres away. The technique involves three important steps:

  1. The stick should be at a 45-degree angle to the ice to ensure optimal contact with the ball and to be able to control it even at high speeds. The correct angle helps to reduce vibrations and maintain balance on impact, which is particularly important in tense moments of the game.
  2. Aiming – the player carefully assesses the formation of the defenders, analyses their possible actions and chooses the best direction for a pass or a shot to minimise the risk of being intercepted. It is important to consider not only the opponent’s current position, but also their speed and direction of movement in order to anticipate where a space will open up.
  3. Powerful and accurate shooting – it is not only important to shoot the ball, but also to direct it in a way that creates a favourable position for the team, whether to continue the attack or to create a potentially dangerous moment. The shot should be taken with all players in position to maximise the chances of a successful moment and allow for a subsequent pass or direct approach to goal.

Tactics and strategy: How to win?

Winning in ball hockey is not just about luck, it is also about hard work, strategy, adherence to the rules and the ability to see the field one step ahead. Every hockey player, every pass, every manoeuvre is important here.

Basic tactics in ball hockey

Depending on the strength of the opponent and the style of play, teams use different strategies. One of the most popular is the ‘counter-attacking style’, in which the athletes focus on defence and then quickly switch to attack in order to exploit the opponent’s mistakes. This tactic makes it possible to optimise the use of space on the hockey pitch and change the pace of play quickly.

Another effective strategy is ‘attacking from the wings’. Players on the edges of the field often have more freedom of action and can create dangerous moments for the opponent. The Russian team Yenisei Krasnoyarsk, for example, has repeatedly demonstrated its mastery of this tactic, giving it a numerical advantage in attack.

Conclusion

Tactics and strategy: How to win?Ball hockey is very interesting, also due to well thought-out rules. Study the peculiarities of the sport discipline in more depth if you want to learn to play well.